Communication |
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Theory
Specific approaches are used by professionals to think about how they should be communicating with a service user and addressing problems.
The different psychological approaches give different ways in which a professional can approach a problem with a service user and communicate effectively to overcome this. We break these down into the following categories:
Specific approaches are used by professionals to think about how they should be communicating with a service user and addressing problems.
The different psychological approaches give different ways in which a professional can approach a problem with a service user and communicate effectively to overcome this. We break these down into the following categories:
Humanistic
> Person centred
> Allows people to feel like they have choices
> The approach is unconditional but is based on trust with the service user
> This approach to communicating ignores behaviour
> It relies on the service user and professional having good communication skills
> Person centred
> Allows people to feel like they have choices
> The approach is unconditional but is based on trust with the service user
> This approach to communicating ignores behaviour
> It relies on the service user and professional having good communication skills
Behavioural
> Only looks at observed behaviour
> Doesn’t rely on good communication skills can be evidenced even in babies copying behaviour of adults
> Natural approach – we all have behaviours
> Can only be used to change behaviour
> Doesn’t look at causes
> Only looks at observed behaviour
> Doesn’t rely on good communication skills can be evidenced even in babies copying behaviour of adults
> Natural approach – we all have behaviours
> Can only be used to change behaviour
> Doesn’t look at causes
Social
> Looks at individuals in a social context
> Uses experiments to understand behaviour
> If someone is observing the service user in a social context it may alter the behaviour of the service user and others
> Looks at individuals in a social context
> Uses experiments to understand behaviour
> If someone is observing the service user in a social context it may alter the behaviour of the service user and others
Cognitive
> Gives a structured way to understand behaviours and changes in behaviour
> Takes notice of what the service user feels
> Clearly allows the service user to express their thoughts
> Relies on the service user being able to express their own feelings
> Does not work with those who may have existing mental health problems
> Gives a structured way to understand behaviours and changes in behaviour
> Takes notice of what the service user feels
> Clearly allows the service user to express their thoughts
> Relies on the service user being able to express their own feelings
> Does not work with those who may have existing mental health problems
Psychoanalytical
> Professional interprets what a service user does or says to mean something
> Clear that the service user will understand why they behave in a certain way
> Can be used for a number of problems and not just limited to behaviour changes
> Specialist training required
> Long time for results
> Professional interprets what a service user does or says to mean something
> Clear that the service user will understand why they behave in a certain way
> Can be used for a number of problems and not just limited to behaviour changes
> Specialist training required
> Long time for results
Task 1
Research and feed back to the class on one of the following theories of communication:
> Argyle, Michael
> Tuckman, Bruce
> Berner, Charles
Research and feed back to the class on one of the following theories of communication:
> Argyle, Michael
> Tuckman, Bruce
> Berner, Charles
You need to complete independent research to find out the following about the theories
> When was the theory discovered or put into place
> What is the theory
> How can we apply this to health and social care
Create an information sheet which will clearly explain (in your own words) the theory to share with your group
> When was the theory discovered or put into place
> What is the theory
> How can we apply this to health and social care
Create an information sheet which will clearly explain (in your own words) the theory to share with your group
Information
Types of communication
> Verbal – explaining and presenting ideas clearly
> Non-verbal – body language, posture, facial expression, eye contact, gestures, personal space
> Written – good literacy skills, clear writing, clear structure and correct grammar
> Formal – used to demonstrate respect, addressing people by full name, usually used by professionals
> Informal – usually used when you know someone better or with family and friends. Communication we use on a day to day basis.
Types of communication
> Verbal – explaining and presenting ideas clearly
> Non-verbal – body language, posture, facial expression, eye contact, gestures, personal space
> Written – good literacy skills, clear writing, clear structure and correct grammar
> Formal – used to demonstrate respect, addressing people by full name, usually used by professionals
> Informal – usually used when you know someone better or with family and friends. Communication we use on a day to day basis.
Alternative forms of communication
> Makaton is a communication tool together with speech and symbols, to enable people with disabilities or learning disabilities to communicate
> Braille is a system of raised dots that can be read with the fingers by people who are blind or who have low vision
> BSL (British Sign Language) is a sign language used in the United Kingdom, and is the first or preferred language among the Deaf community in the UK
> Communication boards are a sheet of symbols, pictures or photos that a child will learn to point to, to communicate with those around them
> Symbol systems are for children who have blindness or low vision and other disabilities usually use pictures or tactile symbols that can be felt, depending on the child's ability to see symbols, but they can also use alphabet symbols or words in print or braille.
> Makaton is a communication tool together with speech and symbols, to enable people with disabilities or learning disabilities to communicate
> Braille is a system of raised dots that can be read with the fingers by people who are blind or who have low vision
> BSL (British Sign Language) is a sign language used in the United Kingdom, and is the first or preferred language among the Deaf community in the UK
> Communication boards are a sheet of symbols, pictures or photos that a child will learn to point to, to communicate with those around them
> Symbol systems are for children who have blindness or low vision and other disabilities usually use pictures or tactile symbols that can be felt, depending on the child's ability to see symbols, but they can also use alphabet symbols or words in print or braille.
New technologies and communication techniques
> Voice activated software – using a voice to move a wheelchair
> Voice output communication aids – small movements into speech – Stephen Hawking used this
> Mobile phones – texts and emails, hearing impairment can use vibration
> Hearing aids – these have small microphones that pick up voices, noisy environments it does make other noises louder as well
> Text relay service – charity run, an operator reads a message that someone has text in
> Loop system – used in settings where there is a channel to set the hearing aid to hear what is being said
> Braille software – creates braille printed in a special printer
> Speech recognition – used by visually impaired to generate messages without using a keyboard
> Voice activated software – using a voice to move a wheelchair
> Voice output communication aids – small movements into speech – Stephen Hawking used this
> Mobile phones – texts and emails, hearing impairment can use vibration
> Hearing aids – these have small microphones that pick up voices, noisy environments it does make other noises louder as well
> Text relay service – charity run, an operator reads a message that someone has text in
> Loop system – used in settings where there is a channel to set the hearing aid to hear what is being said
> Braille software – creates braille printed in a special printer
> Speech recognition – used by visually impaired to generate messages without using a keyboard